Cat Dental Disease: Prevention and Care

The Scope of the Problem

By age three, approximately 70% of cats show signs of dental disease. Periodontal disease, tooth resorption, and gingivitis are the most common conditions — and they are largely preventable.

Types of Feline Dental Disease

Periodontal Disease

Plaque hardens into tartar, causing gum inflammation (gingivitis). Left untreated, it progresses to bone loss, tooth mobility, and systemic infection affecting the heart, kidneys, and liver.

Tooth Resorption (FORL)

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions affect up to 60% of cats. The tooth structure dissolves from the inside, causing severe pain. There is no prevention — extraction is the only treatment.

Stomatitis

A painful, immune-mediated inflammation of the entire mouth. Often associated with FIV or calicivirus. May require full-mouth extraction for relief.

Prevention Strategies

• Daily tooth brushing with cat-specific toothpaste (never human toothpaste)
• Dental treats approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC)
• Water additives that reduce plaque formation
• Annual professional dental cleanings under anesthesia

Professional Cleaning: What to Expect

A veterinary dental cleaning includes ultrasonic scaling, polishing, and full-mouth X-rays. Pre-anesthetic bloodwork ensures your cat is healthy enough for the procedure. Most cats go home the same day.

Home Care Tips

Start brushing early — kittens adapt more readily. Use a finger brush or small toothbrush. Focus on the outer surfaces of the teeth. Even brushing 2-3 times per week provides meaningful benefit.

Warning Signs

Drooling, pawing at the mouth, dropping food, bad breath, red or bleeding gums, and reluctance to eat hard food all warrant immediate veterinary attention.